KHARIJITES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE ABBASID ERA

Abstract

This research aims to shed light on the movement of the Kharijites and the political impact that resulted from this movement, and its role in weakening the Umayyad caliphate through a series of painful blows that weakened the Umayyad army, as well as facilitating the way for the Abbasid revolution that struck the Umayyad caliphate, and the resulting rebellions It was led by the Kharijites against the Abbasid caliphate in the East and the Maghreb. It confused the Abbasid caliphate for many years. It also left a prominent political impact through the establishment of states that condemn the external doctrine directly, such as the Rustamid Ibadi state in Tahart (161-296 AH / 777-908 AD), and the Safarid state ( 140 - 366 AH / 757 - 967 AD) in Sijilmasa in the Islamic Maghreb, And another indirect one, the Kharijites were the main reason for its formation, such as the Saffarid state led by Yaqub ibn al-Laith al-Saffar in the Islamic East, which in turn adopted the eradication of the Kharijite movement from its areas of influence, and after that it began to dispute the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad, and it took away much of the Abbasid caliphate’s property in the East. As for Morocco, the Kharijites left a clear impact on changing the map of the political and military forces in the countries of the Islamic Maghreb through the emergence of the Ubaidi (Fatimid) state in the year (296 AH / 908 AD), which took advantage of the weakness of the Abbasid authority in the Islamic Maghreb because of the competition for power between the caliphate and the Kharijites. And the Kharijites are among them, and this matter led to the weakness of the Kharijite states and the preoccupation of the Abbasid caliphate with its problems, so the Ubaidis were able to establish their state on The ruins of the Kharijite states that were easy prey in the hands of the slave state. The research drew its material from the main books, which were the solid foundation in completing the research, as well as some recent studies.