THE ESTIMATED OF RUNOFF VOLUME IN THE BASIN OF QLATUBZAN VALLEY WITHIN KALAR DISTRICT, SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE USING GIS

Abstract

The Study of river basins with their terrestrial area of the riverbed, valleys network, tributaries, and different branches is important in different hydrological and geomorphological studies, the study of the spatial assessment of the surface runoff of the Qalatupzan valley basin using geographic information systems (GIS). Studying the basin and knowing the changes in the area and the amount of rainfall that have a significant impact on the volume of runoff as well as groundwater that has a significant role in increasing the harvest of valley water and finding the best ways to increase the water share of this basin and to know the natural factors that have formed this basin and study its different morphometric properties and prepare water harvesting models for the basin. The research relied on several approaches, including the descriptive approach, which is an investigation based on one of the existing phenomena with the aim of diagnosing it, revealing its aspects, and determining the existing relationships between its elements and the relationships between them and other phenomena, as well as the quantitative analysis method, which is the classification and inclusion of features and the construction of statistical models that attempt to explain what is observed, according to the data of the study, in addtion of the technical approach, which is concerned with using model building as a means of forecasting, and keeping pace with the development in geographic information systems to bring about a qualitative change at the entrances and exits of the geographical search.